![]() ![]() ![]() In 1963, the organization was renamed the WAC (Women's Auxiliary Corps) and recognized as an official military branch of the Philippine Army. Some members served as spies, and at least 10 were known to be captured and killed for guerrilla activities.Ĭapistrano, who became a labor leader after the war, refused to be awarded a medal for her war efforts until the WAS became an official military unit of the republic. Likewise, WAS members learned methods of reconnaissance, the use of firearms, and self-defense. They also sewed, procured, and washed clothes for the officers and men as well as those confined in hospitals. They organized entertainment programs for their patients and encouraged the townspeople to observe health rules. Performing hospital and dispensary work, WAS members also administered first aid and treated the wounded. Its mission was to make sure that guerrilla fighters in Mindanao had food and shelter. ![]() Josefa Borromeo Capistrano and other women organized the Women's Auxiliary Service (WAS) in 1943. Even women who were not writers by profession, such as former comfort women or descendants of war veterans, felt the need to put their or their mother's or father's wartime experiences in writing. A number of literary pieces by women were memoirs or biographies. In the national effort towards reconstruction, many Filipino writers, including women writers, were able to write about the war only after the war. Writings in Spanish and other languages that were in the National Library were also lost in the Battle for Manila in 1945. The Ilongga writer Magdalena Jalandoni lost thousands of pages of writing when the Archbishop's Residence in Jaro, where she brought her works for safekeeping, was destroyed. And the battles ruined many cultural artifacts, including women's writings. Like many things that were taken for granted before the war, reading and writing had become a luxury. Essentially, Philippine literature in English during the Japanese occupation had no readership base even among the already small, educated middle class. All publications came under the supervision of the Manila Shimbunsha, the propaganda arm of the military government. Others like Mercedes Garcia also wrote feature and opinion articles for the Spanish newspaper, LA VANGUARDIA. Montes, and Kerima Polotan were able to contribute essays or short stories in English to the PHILIPPINE REVIEW. Alfon, Paz Latorena, Ligaya Victorio Reyes, Veronica L. ![]() Writers in English had to learn to write in Tagalog, although some of them, such as Estrella D. Tagalog was made the national language, and Tagalog classes were held. World War II created conditions for the emergence of new Tagalog writing. ![]()
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